Documentation References

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Chapter 2: Intranet
Documentation References

To enable index or results pages to link into documentation.

§11. Fragments

§1. Documentation is arranged in a series of HTML pages identified by section number 0, 1, 2, ..., and the index contains little blue help icons which link into this. In order to give these links the correct destinations, Inform needs to know which section number contains what: but section numbering moves around a lot as the documentation is written.

To avoid needlessly recompiling Inform when documentation changes, we give certain sections aliases called "symbols" which are rather more lasting than the section numbering. These are read in from a file of cross-references generated by Indoc.

typedef struct documentation_ref {
    struct text_stream *doc_symbol;  Reference is by this piece of text
    int section;  HTML page number
    int used_already;  Has this been used in a problem message already?
    int usage_count;  For statistical purposes
    char *fragment_at;  Pointer to HTML documentation fragment in memory
    int fragment_length;  Number of bytes of fragment
    int sr_usage_count;
    int ext_usage_count;
    wchar_t *chapter_reference;  Or NULL if no chapter name supplied
    wchar_t *section_reference;  Or NULL if no section name supplied
    CLASS_DEFINITION
} documentation_ref;

The structure documentation_ref is private to this section.

§2.

define DOCUMENTATION_REFERENCE_PROBLEMS_CALLBACK DocReferences::show_xref_in_problem

void DocReferences::show_xref_in_problem(text_stream *OUT, text_stream *sigil) {
    wchar_t *chap = NULL, *sec = NULL;
    wchar_t *leaf = DocReferences::link_if_possible_once(
        sigil, &chap, &sec);
    if (leaf) {
        HTML::open_indented_p(OUT, 2, "tight");
        HTML_OPEN_WITH("a", "href=inform:/%w.html", leaf);
        HTML_TAG_WITH("img", "border=0 src=inform:/doc_images/help.png");
        HTML_CLOSE("a");
        WRITE("&nbsp;");
        if ((chap) && (sec)) {
            WRITE("<i>See the manual: %w &gt; %w</i>", chap, sec);
        } else {
            WRITE("<i>See the manual.</i>");
        }
        HTML_CLOSE("p");
    }
}

§3. The blue query icons link to pages in the documentation, as described above. Documentation references are used to match the documentation text against the compiler so that each can be changed independently of the other. First, here's the code to read the Indoc-generated cross-references. The file is read on demand; in some runs, it won't be needed.

int xrefs_read = FALSE;
void DocReferences::read_xrefs(void) {
    if (xrefs_read == FALSE) {
        xrefs_read = TRUE;
        TextFiles::read(
            InstalledFiles::filename(DOCUMENTATION_XREFS_IRES), TRUE,
            NULL, FALSE, DocReferences::read_xrefs_helper, NULL, NULL);
    }
}

void DocReferences::read_xrefs_helper(text_stream *line,
    text_file_position *tfp, void *unused_state) {
    WRITE_TO(line, "\n");
    wording W = Feeds::feed_text(line);
    if (Wordings::length(W) < 2) return;

    int from = -1;
    LOOP_THROUGH_WORDING(i, W) {
        if (Lexer::word(i) == UNDERSCORE_V) from = i+1;
    }
    if (from == -1) internal_error("malformed cross-references file");

    wchar_t *chap = NULL, *sect = NULL;
    if ((Wordings::last_wn(W) >= from+1) && (Vocabulary::test_flags(from+1, TEXT_MC))) {
        Word::dequote(from+1);
        chap = Lexer::word_text(from+1);
    }
    if ((Wordings::last_wn(W) >= from+2) && (Vocabulary::test_flags(from+2, TEXT_MC))) {
        Word::dequote(from+2);
        sect = Lexer::word_text(from+2);
    }

    LOOP_THROUGH_WORDING(i, W) {
        if (i == from) break;
        documentation_ref *dr = CREATE(documentation_ref);
        dr->doc_symbol = Str::new();
        WRITE_TO(dr->doc_symbol, "%+W", Wordings::one_word(i));
        dr->section = from;
        dr->used_already = FALSE;
        dr->usage_count = 0;
        dr->sr_usage_count = 0;
        dr->ext_usage_count = 0;
        dr->chapter_reference = chap;
        dr->section_reference = sect;
        dr->fragment_at = NULL;
        dr->fragment_length = 0;
    }
}

§4. The following routine is used to verify that a given text is, or is not, a valid documentation reference symbol. (For instance, we might look up kind_vehicle to see if any section of documentation has been flagged as giving information on vehicles.) If our speculative link symbol exists, we return the leafname for this documentation page, without filename extension (say doc24); if it does not exist, we return NULL.

int DocReferences::validate_if_possible(text_stream *temp) {
    DocReferences::read_xrefs();
    documentation_ref *dr;
    LOOP_OVER(dr, documentation_ref)
        if (Str::eq(dr->doc_symbol, temp))
            return TRUE;
    return FALSE;
}

§5. And similarly, returning the page we link to:

wchar_t *DocReferences::link_if_possible_once(text_stream *temp, wchar_t **chap, wchar_t **sec) {
    DocReferences::read_xrefs();
    documentation_ref *dr;
    LOOP_OVER(dr, documentation_ref)
        if (Str::eq(dr->doc_symbol, temp)) {
            if (dr->used_already == FALSE) {
                wchar_t *leaf = Lexer::word_text(dr->section);
                *chap = dr->chapter_reference;
                *sec = dr->section_reference;
                LOOP_OVER(dr, documentation_ref)
                    if (Wide::cmp(leaf, Lexer::word_text(dr->section)) == 0)
                        dr->used_already = TRUE;
                return leaf;
            }
        }
    return NULL;
}

§6. In the Standard Rules, a number of phrases (and other constructs) are defined along with markers to sections in the documentation: here we parse these markers, returning either the word number of the documentation symbol in question, or \(-1\) if there is none. Since this is used only with the Standard Rules, which are in English, there's no point in translating it to other natural languages.

<documentation-symbol-tail> ::=
    ... ( <documentation-symbol> ) |    ==> { pass 1 }
    ... -- <documentation-symbol> --    ==> { pass 1 }

<documentation-symbol> ::=
    documented at ###                   ==> { Wordings::first_wn(WR[1]), - }

This is Preform grammar, not regular C code.

§7.

wording DocReferences::position_of_symbol(wording *W) {
    if (<documentation-symbol-tail>(*W)) {
        *W = GET_RW(<documentation-symbol-tail>, 1);
        return Wordings::one_word(<<r>>);
    }
    return EMPTY_WORDING;
}

§8. It's convenient to associate a usage count to each symbol, since every built-in documented phrase has a symbol. Every time Inform successfully uses such a phrase, it increments the usage count by calling the following:

#ifdef CORE_MODULE
void DocReferences::doc_mark_used(text_stream *symb, int at_word) {
    DocReferences::read_xrefs();
    documentation_ref *dr;
    LOOP_OVER(dr, documentation_ref) {
        if (Str::eq(dr->doc_symbol, symb)) {
            if (at_word >= 0) {
                source_file *pos = Lexer::file_of_origin(at_word);
                inform_extension *loc = Extensions::corresponding_to(pos);
                if (loc == NULL) dr->usage_count++;
                else if (Extensions::is_standard(loc)) dr->sr_usage_count++;
                else dr->ext_usage_count++;
            } else dr->sr_usage_count++;
            return;
        }
    }
    internal_error("unable to update usage count");
}
#endif

§9. The following dumps the result. This is not useful for a single run, especially, but to be accumulated over a whole corpus of source texts, e.g.:

    $ intest/Tangled/intest --keep-log=USAGE -log=phrase-usage examples

void DocReferences::log_statistics(void) {
    LOG("The following shows how often each built-in phrase was used:\n");
    DocReferences::read_xrefs();
    documentation_ref *dr;
    LOOP_OVER(dr, documentation_ref)
        if (Str::begins_with_wide_string(dr->doc_symbol, L"ph"))
            LOG("USAGE: %S %d %d %d\n", dr->doc_symbol,
                dr->usage_count, dr->sr_usage_count, dr->ext_usage_count);
}

§10. Finally, the blue "see relevant help page" icon links are placed by the following routine.

void DocReferences::link_to(OUTPUT_STREAM, text_stream *fn, int full) {
    documentation_ref *dr = DocReferences::name_to_dr(fn);
    if (dr) {
        if (full >= 0) WRITE("&nbsp;"); else WRITE(" ");
        HTML_OPEN_WITH("a", "href=inform:/%N.html", dr->section);
        HTML_TAG_WITH("img", "border=0 src=inform:/doc_images/help.png");
        HTML_CLOSE("a");
        if ((full > 0) && (dr->chapter_reference) && (dr->section_reference)) {
            WRITE("&nbsp;%w. %w", dr->chapter_reference, dr->section_reference);
        }
    }
}

void DocReferences::link(OUTPUT_STREAM, text_stream *fn) {
    DocReferences::link_to_S(OUT, fn, FALSE);
}

void DocReferences::fully_link(OUTPUT_STREAM, text_stream *fn) {
    DocReferences::link_to_S(OUT, fn, TRUE);
}

void DocReferences::link_to_S(OUTPUT_STREAM, text_stream *fn, int full) {
    documentation_ref *dr = DocReferences::name_to_dr(fn);
    if (dr) {
        if (full >= 0) WRITE("&nbsp;"); else WRITE(" ");
        HTML_OPEN_WITH("a", "href=inform:/%N.html", dr->section);
        HTML_TAG_WITH("img", "border=0 src=inform:/doc_images/help.png");
        HTML_CLOSE("a");
        if ((full > 0) && (dr->chapter_reference) && (dr->section_reference)) {
            WRITE("&nbsp;%w. %w", dr->chapter_reference, dr->section_reference);
        }
    }
}

§11. Fragments. These are short pieces of documentation, which indoc has copied into a special file so that we can paste them into the index at appropriate places. Note that if the file can't be found, or contains nothing germane, we fail safe by doing nothing at all — not issuing any internal errors.

void DocReferences::doc_fragment(OUTPUT_STREAM, text_stream *fn) {
    DocReferences::doc_fragment_to(OUT, fn);
}

int fragments_loaded = FALSE;
void DocReferences::doc_fragment_to(OUTPUT_STREAM, text_stream *fn) {
    if (fragments_loaded == FALSE) {
        Load in the documentation fragments file11.1;
        fragments_loaded = TRUE;
    }
    documentation_ref *dr = DocReferences::name_to_dr(fn);
    if ((dr) && (dr->fragment_at)) {
        char *p = dr->fragment_at;
        int i;
        for (i=0; i<dr->fragment_length; i++) PUT(p[i]);
    }
}

§11.1.

define MAX_EXTENT_OF_FRAGMENTS 256*1024

Load in the documentation fragments file11.1 =

    FILE *FRAGMENTS = Filenames::fopen(
        InstalledFiles::filename(DOCUMENTATION_SNIPPETS_IRES), "r");
    if (FRAGMENTS) {
        char *p = Memory::malloc(MAX_EXTENT_OF_FRAGMENTS, DOC_FRAGMENT_MREASON);
        Scan the file into memory, translating from UTF-811.1.1;
        Work out where the documentation fragments occur11.1.2;
        fclose(FRAGMENTS);
    }

This code is used in §11.

§11.1.1. We scan to one long C string:

Scan the file into memory, translating from UTF-811.1.1 =

    int i = 0;
    p[0] = 0;
    while (TRUE) {
        int c = TextFiles::utf8_fgetc(FRAGMENTS, NULL, NULL);
        if (c == EOF) break;
        if (c == 0xFEFF) continue;  the Unicode BOM non-character
        if (i == MAX_EXTENT_OF_FRAGMENTS) break;
        p[i++] = (char) c;
        p[i] = 0;
    }

This code is used in §11.1.

§11.1.2. Work out where the documentation fragments occur11.1.2 =

    int i = 0;
    documentation_ref *tracking = NULL;
    for (i=0; p[i]; i++) {
        if ((p[i] == '*') && (p[i+1] == '=')) {
            i += 2;
            TEMPORARY_TEXT(rn)
            int j;
            for (j=0; p[i+j]; j++) {
                if ((p[i+j] == '=') && (p[i+j+1] == '*')) {
                    i = i+j+1;
                    tracking = DocReferences::name_to_dr(rn);
                    if (tracking) tracking->fragment_at = p+i+1;
                    break;
                } else {
                    PUT_TO(rn, p[i+j]);
                }
            }
            DISCARD_TEXT(rn)
        } else if (tracking) tracking->fragment_length++;
    }

This code is used in §11.1.

§12. This is a slow search, of course, but the number of DRs is relatively low, and we need to search fairly seldom:

documentation_ref *DocReferences::name_to_dr(text_stream *fn) {
    DocReferences::read_xrefs();
    documentation_ref *dr;
    LOOP_OVER(dr, documentation_ref)
        if (Str::eq(dr->doc_symbol, fn))
            return dr;
    Complain about a bad documentation reference12.1;
    return NULL;
}

§12.1. You and I could write a bad reference:

Complain about a bad documentation reference12.1 =

    if (problem_count == 0) {
        LOG("Bad ref was <%S>. Known references are:\n", fn);
        DocReferences::read_xrefs();
        LOOP_OVER(dr, documentation_ref)
            LOG("%S = %+N\n", dr->doc_symbol, dr->section);
        internal_error("Bad index documentation reference");
    }

This code is used in §12.