Windows Platform

A version of our operating system interface suitable for Microsoft Windows.

§1. This Foundation module comes with two variant versions of the Platform:: section of code. The one you're reading compiles on Windows, and the other on a POSIX operating system.

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§2. Microsoft Windows.

define PLATFORM_STRING "windows"
define LOCALE_IS_ISO
define FOLDER_SEPARATOR '\\'
define SHELL_QUOTE_CHARACTER '\"'
define INFORM_FOLDER_RELATIVE_TO_HOME ""

#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#undef IN
#undef OUT

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§3. Folder separator. When using a Unix-like system such as Cygwin or MSYS2 on Windows, it's inevitable that paths will sometimes contain backslashes and sometimes forward slashes, meaning a folder (i.e. directory) divide in either case. So:

(a) When writing such a divider, always write FOLDER_SEPARATOR, a backslash;
(b) When testing for such a divider, call the following.

int Platform::is_folder_separator(inchar32_t c) {
    return ((c == '\\') || (c == '/'));
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§4. Environment variables.

char *Platform::getenv(const char *name) {
    char *env = getenv(name);
    if (env == 0) {
        char value[MAX_PATH];
        if (strcmp(name, "PWD") == 0) {
            if (GetCurrentDirectoryA(MAX_PATH, value) != 0)
                _putenv_s(name, value);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "HOME") == 0) {
            if (SHGetFolderPathA(0, CSIDL_PERSONAL, 0, SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, value) == 0)
                _putenv_s(name, value);
        }
        env = getenv(name);
    }
    return env;
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§5. Executable location. Fill the wide-char buffer p with the path to the current executable, up to length length. This function is guaranteed to be called from only one thread. Should the information be unavailable, or fail to fit into p, truncate p to zero length. (On some platforms, the information will always be unavailable: that doesn't mean we can't run on those platforms, just that installation and use of Foundation-built tools is less convenient.)

void Platform::where_am_i(inchar32_t *p, size_t length) {
    WCHAR path[_MAX_PATH];
    DWORD result = GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, path, _MAX_PATH);
    if ((result == 0) || (result >= _MAX_PATH))
    {
        p[0] = 0;
        return;
    }

    size_t i = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        if ((i >= length) || (i >= _MAX_PATH))
        {
            p[0] = 0;
            return;
        }
        p[i] = (inchar32_t)path[i];
        if (p[i] == '\0') return;
        i++;
    }
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§6. Shell commands.

 Check the first element of the command: if it has path separators in
   it, we assume we are running one of our commands, otherwise it is a
   Unix style command. */
int Platform::Win32_is_unix_cmd(const char* cmd) {
    char stop = ' ';
    int i = 0;

    if (cmd[0] == '\"') {
        stop = '\"';
        i = 1;
    }
    while ((cmd[i] != 0) && (cmd[i] != stop)) {
        if ((cmd[i] == '/') || (cmd[i] == '\\'))
            return 0;
        i++;
    }
    return 1;
}

int Platform::system(const char *cmd) {
    char cmd_line[10*MAX_PATH];

     Check if the command should be executed with the Windows cmd interpreter
       or a Unix-like shell. */
    int unix = Platform::Win32_is_unix_cmd(cmd);
    if (unix) {
         For a Unix shell command, escape any double quotes and backslashes.
        char *pcl;
        const char *pc;
        strcpy(cmd_line, "sh -c \"");
        for (pc = cmd, pcl = cmd_line+strlen(cmd_line); *pc != 0; ++pc, ++pcl) {
            if ((*pc == '\"') || (*pc == '\\'))
                *(pcl++) = '\\';
            *pcl = *pc;
        }
        *(pcl++) = '\"';
        *(pcl++) = 0;
    } else {
         Otherwise, run with the Windows command interpreter.
        strcpy(cmd_line, "cmd /s /c \"");
        strcat(cmd_line, cmd);
        strcat(cmd_line, "\"");
    }

    STARTUPINFOA start;
    memset(&start, 0, sizeof start);
    start.cb = sizeof start;
    start.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
    start.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;

    PROCESS_INFORMATION process;
    if (CreateProcessA(0, cmd_line, 0, 0, FALSE, CREATE_NO_WINDOW, 0, 0, &start, &process) == 0) {
        if (unix)
            fprintf(stderr, "A Unix-like shell \"sh\" (such as that from MSYS2 or Cygwin) must be in the path.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    CloseHandle(process.hThread);
    if (WaitForSingleObject(process.hProcess, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
        CloseHandle(process.hProcess);
        return -1;
    }

    DWORD code = 10;
    GetExitCodeProcess(process.hProcess, &code);
    CloseHandle(process.hProcess);

    return (int)code;
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§7. Directory handling.

int Platform::mkdir(char *transcoded_pathname) {
    errno = 0;
    int rv = mkdir(transcoded_pathname);
    if (rv == 0) return TRUE;
    if (errno == EEXIST) return TRUE;
    return FALSE;
}

void *Platform::opendir(char *dir_name) {
    DIR *dirp = opendir(dir_name);
    return (void *) dirp;
}

int Platform::readdir(void *D, char *dir_name,
    char *leafname) {
    char path_to[2*MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH+2];
    struct _stat file_status;
    int rv;
    DIR *dirp = (DIR *) D;
    struct dirent *dp;
    if ((dp = readdir(dirp)) == NULL) return FALSE;
    sprintf(path_to, "%s%c%s", dir_name, FOLDER_SEPARATOR, dp->d_name);
    rv = _stat(path_to, &file_status);
    if (rv != 0) return FALSE;
    if (S_ISDIR(file_status.st_mode))
        sprintf(leafname, "%s%c", dp->d_name, FOLDER_SEPARATOR);
    else strcpy(leafname, dp->d_name);
    return TRUE;
}

void Platform::closedir(void *D) {
    DIR *dirp = (DIR *) D;
    closedir(dirp);
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§8. Renaming.

int Platform::rename_file(char *old_transcoded_pathname, char *new_transcoded_pathname) {
    if (rename(old_transcoded_pathname, new_transcoded_pathname) != 0)
        return FALSE;
    return TRUE;
}

int Platform::rename_directory(char *old_transcoded_pathname, char *new_transcoded_pathname) {
    if (rename(old_transcoded_pathname, new_transcoded_pathname) != 0)
        return FALSE;
    return TRUE;
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§9. Deleting.

int Platform::delete_file(char *old_transcoded_pathname) {
    return remove(old_transcoded_pathname);
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§10. Copying.

void Platform::copy_file(char *from_transcoded_pathname, char *to_transcoded_pathname) {
    CopyFile(from_transcoded_pathname, to_transcoded_pathname, FALSE);
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§11. Sync.

void Platform::path_add(const char* base, const char* add, char* path) {
    char last;

    strcpy(path, base);
    last = path[strlen(path) - 1];
    if ((last != '/') && (last != '\\'))
        strcat(path, "\\");
    strcat(path, add);
}

int Platform::rsync(char *transcoded_source, char *transcoded_dest) {
    char srcPath[MAX_PATH], destPath[MAX_PATH];
    WIN32_FIND_DATA findData = { 0 };

    if (GetFileAttributesA(transcoded_dest) == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
    {
        int result = SHCreateDirectoryExA(0, transcoded_dest, NULL);
        if (result != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            return result;
    }

    Platform::path_add(transcoded_dest, "*", destPath);
    HANDLE findHandle = FindFirstFileA(destPath, &findData);
    if (findHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        return (int)GetLastError();
    do {
        if ((strcmp(findData.cFileName, ".") == 0) || (strcmp(findData.cFileName, "..") == 0))
            continue;

        Platform::path_add(transcoded_source, findData.cFileName, srcPath);

        int remove = 1;
        {
            DWORD srcAttrs = GetFileAttributesA(srcPath);
            if (srcAttrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
                if ((findData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == (srcAttrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
                    remove = 0;
            }
        }
        if (remove) {
            Platform::path_add(transcoded_dest, findData.cFileName, destPath);
            if (findData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
                SHFILEOPSTRUCTA oper = { 0 };
                oper.wFunc = FO_DELETE;
                oper.pFrom = destPath;
                oper.fFlags = FOF_NO_UI;
                int result = SHFileOperationA(&oper);
                if (result != 0) {
                    FindClose(findHandle);
                    return result;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (DeleteFileA(destPath) == 0) {
                    FindClose(findHandle);
                    return (int)GetLastError();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    while (FindNextFileA(findHandle, &findData) != 0);
    FindClose(findHandle);

    Platform::path_add(transcoded_source, "*", srcPath);
    findHandle = FindFirstFileA(srcPath, &findData);
    if (findHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        return (int)GetLastError();
    do {
        if ((strcmp(findData.cFileName, ".") == 0) || (strcmp(findData.cFileName, "..") == 0))
            continue;

        Platform::path_add(transcoded_source, findData.cFileName, srcPath);
        Platform::path_add(transcoded_dest, findData.cFileName, destPath);

        if (findData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
            if (CreateDirectoryA(destPath, 0) == 0) {
                FindClose(findHandle);
                return (int)GetLastError();
            }
            Platform::rsync(srcPath, destPath);
        } else {
            int needCopy = 1;
            {
                WIN32_FIND_DATA destFindData = { 0 };
                HANDLE destFindHandle = FindFirstFileA(destPath, &destFindData);
                if (destFindHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
                    if ((findData.nFileSizeLow == destFindData.nFileSizeLow) && (findData.nFileSizeHigh == destFindData.nFileSizeHigh)) {
                        if (CompareFileTime(&(findData.ftLastWriteTime), &(destFindData.ftLastWriteTime)) == 0)
                            needCopy = 0;
                    }
                    FindClose(destFindHandle);
                }
            }

            if (needCopy) {
                if (CopyFileA(srcPath, destPath, 0) == 0) {
                    FindClose(findHandle);
                    return (int)GetLastError();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    while (FindNextFileA(findHandle, &findData) != 0);
    FindClose(findHandle);
    return 0;
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§12. Sleep. The Windows Sleep call measures time in milliseconds, whereas POSIX sleep is for seconds.

void Platform::sleep(int seconds) {
    Sleep((DWORD)(1000*seconds));
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§13. Notifications.

void Platform::notification(text_stream *text, int happy) {
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§14. Terminal setup. The idea of this function is that if anything needs to be done to enable the output of ANSI-standard coloured terminal output, then this function has the chance to do it; similarly, it may need to configure itself to receive console output with the correct locale (calling Locales::get(CONSOLE_LOCALE) to find this).

#define WIN32CONS_RESET_MODE 1
#define WIN32CONS_RESET_OUTCP 2

int Win32_ResetConsole = 0;
DWORD Win32_ConsoleMode = 0;
UINT Win32_ConsoleOutCP = 0;

void Platform::Win32_ResetConsole(void) {
    if (Win32_ResetConsole & WIN32CONS_RESET_MODE) {
        HANDLE cons = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
        if (cons) SetConsoleMode(cons, Win32_ConsoleMode);
    }
    if (Win32_ResetConsole & WIN32CONS_RESET_OUTCP)
        SetConsoleOutputCP(Win32_ConsoleOutCP);
}

void Platform::configure_terminal(void) {
    HANDLE cons = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
    if (cons) {
        if (GetConsoleMode(cons, &Win32_ConsoleMode)) {
            if ((Win32_ConsoleMode & ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING) == 0) {
                if (SetConsoleMode(cons, Win32_ConsoleMode | ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING)) {
                    Win32_ResetConsole |= WIN32CONS_RESET_MODE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    Win32_ConsoleOutCP = GetConsoleOutputCP();
    UINT newCP = 0;
    int loc = Locales::get(CONSOLE_LOCALE);
    if (loc == FILE_ENCODING_ISO_STRF)
        newCP = 28591;  ISO 8859-1 Latin
    else if (loc == FILE_ENCODING_UTF8_STRF)
        newCP = CP_UTF8;
    if ((newCP != 0) && SetConsoleOutputCP(newCP))
        Win32_ResetConsole |= WIN32CONS_RESET_OUTCP;

    if (Win32_ResetConsole != 0) atexit(Platform::Win32_ResetConsole);
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§15. Concurrency.

typedef HANDLE foundation_thread;
typedef struct Win32_Thread_Attrs
{
    SIZE_T StackSize;
}
foundation_thread_attributes;

struct Win32_Thread_Start { void *(*fn)(void *); void* arg; };

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§16.

DWORD WINAPI Platform::Win32_Thread_Func(LPVOID param) {
    struct Win32_Thread_Start* start = (struct Win32_Thread_Start*)param;
    (start->fn)(start->arg);
    free(start);
    return 0;
}

int Platform::create_thread(foundation_thread *pt, const foundation_thread_attributes *pa,
    void *(*fn)(void *), void *arg) {
    struct Win32_Thread_Start* start = (struct Win32_Thread_Start*) malloc(sizeof (struct Win32_Thread_Start));
    start->fn = fn;
    start->arg = arg;
    HANDLE thread = CreateThread(0, pa->StackSize, Platform::Win32_Thread_Func, start, 0, 0);
    if (thread == 0) {
        free(start);
        return 1;
    } else {
        *pt = thread;
        return 0;
    }
}

int Platform::join_thread(foundation_thread pt, void** rv) {
    return (WaitForSingleObject(pt, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0) ? 0 : 1;
}

void Platform::init_thread(foundation_thread_attributes* pa, size_t size) {
    pa->StackSize = size;
}

size_t Platform::get_thread_stack_size(foundation_thread_attributes* pa) {
    return pa->StackSize;
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§17. This function returns the number of logical cores in the host computer — i.e., twice the number of physical cores if there's hyperthreading. The result is used as a guess for an appropriate number of simultaneous threads to launch.

int Platform::get_core_count(void) {
    int count = 0;
    SYSTEM_INFO sysInfo;
    GetSystemInfo(&sysInfo);
    count = (int) sysInfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;

     Leave one core idle by default
    if (count > 1)
        count--;

    return count;
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§18. Timestamp and file size. There are implementations of the C standard library where time_t has super-weird behaviour, but on almost all POSIX systems, time 0 corresponds to midnight on 1 January 1970. All we really need is that the "never" value is one which is earlier than any possible timestamp on the files we'll be dealing with.

time_t Platform::never_time(void) {
    return (time_t) 0;
}

time_t Platform::timestamp(char *transcoded_filename) {
    struct stat filestat;
    if (stat(transcoded_filename, &filestat) != -1) return filestat.st_mtime;
    return Platform::never_time();
}

off_t Platform::size(char *transcoded_filename) {
    struct stat filestat;
    if (stat(transcoded_filename, &filestat) != -1) return filestat.st_size;
    return (off_t) 0;
}

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.

§19. Mutexes.

define CREATE_MUTEX(name)
    static struct Win32_Mutex name = { INIT_ONCE_STATIC_INIT, { 0 }};
define LOCK_MUTEX(name) {
    BOOL pending;
    InitOnceBeginInitialize(&(name.init), 0, &pending, 0);
    if (pending) {
        InitializeCriticalSection(&(name.crit));
        InitOnceComplete(&(name.init), 0, 0);
    }
    EnterCriticalSection(&(name.crit));
}
define UNLOCK_MUTEX(name) {
    LeaveCriticalSection(&(name.crit));
}

struct Win32_Mutex { INIT_ONCE init; CRITICAL_SECTION crit; };

This paragraph is used only if PLATFORM_WINDOWS is defined.